Thermoelectric refrigeration system

Thermoelectric refrigeration system

Thermoelectric refrigeration system don’t need water or any type of refrigerant. They rely on a thermocouple and electric current. don’t need water or any type of refrigerant. They rely on a thermocouple and electric current. One end of the thermocouple is hot and the other end is cool when current is directed to it. The cold side of the thermocouple is placed in the area that needs cooled so it can attract heat and remove it from the air. Thermoelectric refrigeration isn’t usually used for large cooling loads, but it’s perfect for hard-to-access small cooling loads. A good example would be electronic systems.

FAQ

Ques 1 - How does thermoelectric refrigeration work?
Ans- Thermoelectric refrigeration, also known as the Peltier effect, is a process of cooling that is based on the principle of thermoelectricity. When an electric current is applied to the junction, heat is transferred from one side to the other, causing one side to become cooler and the other side to become warmer.

Vapor absorption refrigeration

Vapor absorption refrigeration

Vapor absorption refrigeration is a type of refrigeration system that uses a solution of Lithium Bromide and water as the refrigerant. This system uses heat energy to drive the refrigeration cycle, unlike vapor compression refrigeration which requires electricity.

The basic components of a vapor absorption refrigeration system include an evaporator, absorber, generator, and condenser. The refrigerant in this system is water, which is evaporated in the evaporator by absorbing heat from the environment to be cooled. The vapor is then absorbed by the LiBr solution in the absorber, producing a concentrated LiBr solution and a low-pressure vapor.

The concentrated LiBr solution is then heated in the generator using a heat source such as natural gas, steam or solar energy, which causes the water vapor to be released from the solution. The resulting water vapor is then condensed in the condenser and forming a liquid water refrigerant.

The refrigerant then flows back to the evaporator and the cycle repeats.

Vapor absorption refrigeration has several advantages over traditional vapor compression refrigeration, including lower energy consumption and operating costs, reduced environmental impact, and the ability to use waste heat as a heat source. However, it also has some drawbacks, including larger equipment size and lower cooling capacity compared to vapor compression systems.

Overall, vapor absorption refrigeration is an alternative to vapor compression refrigeration in applications where heat energy is readily available and where lower operating costs and environmental impact are desired.

Example : Vapor Absorption Machine

FAQ

Ques 1 - What is the principle of vapour absorption?

Ans - The principle of vapor absorption is commonly used in refrigeration and air conditioning systems, where it is used to provide cooling without the use of a compressor. In these systems, the vapor to be absorbed is typically refrigerant, and the absorbent is a solution of lithium bromide or another suitable compound.

Ques 2 - Which refrigerant is used in vapour absorption system?

Ans -The refrigerant, commonly used in a vapour absorption system, is water.

Ques 3 - What are the main components of vapour absorption system?

Ans - The main components of a vapor absorption system are:

Absorber: This is the vessel where the absorbent liquid and the vapor to be absorbed come into contact. The absorbent liquid absorbs the vapor and becomes a solution.

Generator: This is the vessel where the solution of the absorbent liquid and the absorbed vapor are separated by heating the solution. The vapor is released from the absorbent liquid.

Condenser: This is the component where the vapor that has been released from the absorbent liquid in the generator is condensed back into a liquid state.

Evaporator: This is the component where the liquid refrigerant absorbs heat from the environment and evaporates, producing the cooling effect

Ques 4 - What are the advantages of vapour absorption refrigeration system?

Ans - The advantages of a vapor absorption refrigeration system include:

Lower Energy Consumption: Compared to vapor compression refrigeration systems, vapor absorption systems have lower energy consumption, as they do not require a compressor. 

Environmentally Friendly: Vapor absorption refrigeration systems typically use natural refrigerants and do not release harmful CFCs or HFCs into the atmosphere, making them a more environmentally friendly option.

Quiet Operation: Since vapor absorption refrigeration systems do not have a compressor, they typically operate more quietly than vapor compression systems.

Reliable Operation: Vapor absorption refrigeration systems are generally more reliable than vapor compression systems, as they have fewer moving parts and are less prone to mechanical failure.

Flexible Energy Sources: Vapor absorption refrigeration systems can be powered by a wide range of energy sources, including natural gas, propane, solar power, and waste heat. This flexibility can make them a good option in areas where electricity is unreliable or expensive.

Longer Life Span: Vapor absorption refrigeration systems have a longer life span than vapor compression systems, as they do not suffer from problems like refrigerant leakage or compressor failure.

Vapor compression refrigeration

Vapor compression refrigeration

Vapor compression refrigeration is a widely used cooling technology that uses the principle of thermodynamics to provide cooling. It works by circulating a refrigerant in a closed loop through a series of components, which include a compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator.

The compressor is the heart of the system and is responsible for compressing the refrigerant gas and raising its temperature. This hot, high-pressure gas then flows through the condenser, which is a heat exchanger that cools the gas and condenses it into a liquid.

The high-pressure liquid refrigerant then flows through the expansion valve, which reduces the pressure of the refrigerant and allows it to expand rapidly. This expansion causes the refrigerant to evaporate and absorb heat from the surrounding environment, cooling the area around the evaporator.

The low-pressure, low-temperature gas refrigerant then flows back to the compressor, and the process repeats itself.

Vapor compression refrigeration is widely used in refrigeration and air conditioning systems for residential, commercial, and industrial applications. It is efficient, cost-effective, and provides consistent cooling performance.

Example : Chiller, Split AC, Package AC, Tower AC, Ductable Split AC

 FAQ

Ques 1 - What are the 4 stages of vapor-compression refrigeration cycle?

Ans- It involves four main stages, which are as follows:

        Compression

        Condensation

        Expansion

        Evaporation

Ques 2 - What is the use of vapour compression?

Ans - Vapor compression cooling systems can be used for refrigeration and dehumidification.

Ques 3 - What is the temperature of chiller?

Ans. – Generally in HVAC Application, chillers receive water at 12°C (entering temperature), and cool it to 7°C (leaving temperature).

Evaporative cooling refrigeration

Evaporative cooling refrigeration

Evaporative cooling refrigeration is a cooling method that uses water evaporation to remove heat and make things cooler. It works by passing hot air through a machine that uses water to cool it down. The water evaporates and takes the heat energy with it, which cools the air.

This type of cooling is useful in hot and dry places where regular air conditioners struggle. It's also commonly used in factories and power plants to prevent equipment from overheating.

A common example of evaporative cooling refrigeration is an air cooler or air washer.

FAQ

Ques 1 - Is evaporative cooling better than air conditioning?

Ans- Evaporative cooling may be a better option in dry climates or for those who prioritize energy efficiency, while air conditioning may be more suitable for those in hot and humid climates or who require a high level of cooling.

Ques 2 - What is the benefit of evaporative cooling?

Ans - Evaporative cooling uses 100% fresh, filtered outside air to cool down a building or room. This improves the indoor air quality substantially, especially in comparison with mechanical cooling, which often recirculates the indoor air.

Ques 3 - What is disadvantage of evaporative cooling?

Ans. - while evaporative cooling can be an effective and energy-efficient method of cooling indoor spaces in certain climates, it is not suitable for all environments and may have some disadvantages, particularly in areas with high humidity or water scarcity.

Refrigerant II Refrigeration II Type of refrigeration

Refrigerant

Refrigerant are heat carrying mediums which during their cycle in the refrigeration system absorb heat at a low temperature level and discard the heat a higher level.

Refrigeration

The word 'refrigerate' means to chill or freeze a substance, i.e. to lower its temperature by removing some of its heat. Thus Refrigeration is the process of removing heat from a substance to lower its temperature and rejecting the heat to atmosphere which is at higher temperature level.

Type of refrigeration?

There are four type of refrigeration
1. Evaporative Cooling refrigeration
2. Vapor Compression refrigeration
3. Vapor Absorption refrigeration
4.Thermoelectric

FAQ

Ques 1 - Example of Refrigerant?

Ans - An example of a refrigerant commonly used in household refrigerators and air conditioning units is R-134a, which is a hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) Other examples of refrigerants include R-410A, which is a blend of HFCs commonly used in air conditioning units.

Ques 2 - What is the most common refrigerant?

Ans - A commonly used in refrigerant is R-134a, which is a hydrofluorocarbon (HFC).

Ques 3 - Is refrigerant a gas or liquid?

Ans. - Refrigerants can exist in both gas and liquid states, depending on the temperature and pressure they are exposed to. When the refrigerant is compressed, its temperature and pressure increase, causing it to become a high-pressure gas. This high-pressure gas then flows through a condenser where it releases heat and condenses back into a liquid state.

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